Insan
kamil comes from Arabic, which is from two words: insan and kamil. Literally,
Insan means man, and kamil means perfect. Thus, kamil man means perfect man.
To know the characteristics of Insan Kamil can be traced to various opinions
expressed by scholars whose scholarship has been recognized, including the
flows. The characteristics are as follows:
1. Optimal
Function of Sense
The
function of reason can be optimally found in the opinion of Mu'tajzilah.
According to man whose mind optimally function can know that all good deeds
like fair, honest, morals in accordance with its essence and feel obliged to do
all of that although not commanded by revelation. Human-functioning mind
already feel obliged to do good deeds. And such a human being can approach the
human level of kamil. Thus human beings can recognize kaja good deeds and bad
deeds because it has been contained in the essence of the act.
2. Functioning
Intuition
Insan Kamil can also
be characterized by the functioning of the intuition within him. This intuition
in Ibn Sina's view is called the rational soul. According to him if the influential
in man is his human soul, then that person almost resembles an angel and
approaches perfection.
3.
Able to Create a Culture
As a form of practice
of the various potentials that exist in itself as human beings, the perfect
human being is the man who is able to utilize all his spiritual potential
optimally. According to Ibn Khaldun man is a thinking creature.
4. Adorn
Yourself With Divine Attributes
Manusai
is a creature that has a divine instinct (fitrah). He tends to the things that
come from God, and believe it. These qualities make him a representative of God
on earth. Man as such a caliph is the ideal picture. That is the man who seeks
to determine his own fate, both as a community and as an individual. That is a
man who has a great responsibility, because it has a free will power.
5. Be
Honorable
Insan
kamil is also a man of noble character. This is in line with Shari'ati's
opinion that the perfect man has three aspects, namely the aspect of truth,
virtue and beauty. In other words he has knowledge, ethics and art.
6.
Be Balanced
According
to Nashr, that modern man is now not far off the mark of Darwin. That the
nature of man lies in the aspect of the depth, which is permanent, immortal
nature that is now exist as part of the journey of his life is very long.
Unfortunately, most of them forget the essential immortality. Modern humans
ignore their most basic needs, which are ruhiyah, so that they will not gain
inner tranquility, which means not only the balance of self, even more so when
the pressure on material needs is increased, the balance will be further
damaged.
The
quote implies the need for a balanced attitude in life, which is balanced
between the fulfillment of material needs with spiritual or ruhiyah. This means
the necessity of implanted a Sufistic soul coupled with the practice of Islamic
Shariah, especially worship, zikr, tafakkur, muhasabbag and so on.
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