Al-Hasan al-Bashri (21 -
110 H / 642 - 728 AD)
His full name is al-Hasan
bin Abi al-Hasan Yasar, al-Bashri, his nickname Abu Said. Born in 21 H / 642
AD, during the reign of Caliph Umar bin Khattab Ra. His father was a Persian
descendant named Yasar. He was born and raised in the care of Umm Salamah, one
of the wives of Rasulullah Saw. He began to interact with his companions during
the reign of Uthman ibn Affan Ra. And when Ali bin Abi Talib succeeded Uthman
Ra as Caliph, al-Hasan was 14 (fourteen) years old, and began studying Islamic
scholars seriously to more than 300 (three hundred) friends.
Al-Hasan is well-known in
the science of aqidah, proficient in rhetoric, and famous for his fame and
subtlety. Although the term Sufi or Sufism is not known in the time, but he is
considered by the scholars of tasawuf as a consistent figure in the nobility,
kekhusyukan and ketawadhu'annya. He left valuable letters, using usable,
understandable uslubs, using a heart-and-feel approach to arouse and awaken the
passions of faith and piety to Allah (11) (Mausu'a a'lam al -fikr al-Islami,
Majlis al-a'la li as-syu'un al-Islamiyah, pp. 259-262)
Rabi’ah al-‘Adawiyah (95
– 135 H).
His full name is Rabi'ah bint Isma'il al-'Adawiyah, his nickname Ummu al-Khair, al-Bashriyah. A Muslim-born Muslim Bashrah, who is known for shalihah, zahidah, and is very diligent in worship and grace to Allah SWT. He is famous for his "mahabbah" or "love" philosophy in worship. One of his famous "love" maikajat prayers is as follows:
This means: "O my Lord, if I worship You for fear of
Your hell, then strike me into it, and if I worship You for Your Thy Paradise,
then obscure me from it, but if I worship You (12) (al-Wafi bi al-wafiyat,
Saladin al-Khalil bin Abik as-Shafadi, juz 4, pp. 435, see also al -A'lam,
Khairuddin az-Zarkali, juz 3, p.10, and Qadhiyyah at-tasawwuf, p.42)
Ibrahim bin Adham (w. 161
H / 778 M)
The full name of Abu Ishak Ibrahim bin Adham bin Mansur. Born in Mecca, and after he was born his mother went around asking for prayer to the community for his son made a righteous son. His family came from "Balkh", a famous city in Khurasan. His father was a high-ranking official in Khurasan, and so he lived in an exaggerated environment in the treasures and pleasures of the world. One day while he was hunting animals in the forest, he encountered a rabbit or a wolf, and when he directed his arrow to the beast he heard a voice without a face: "Not for this you were created, and not for this you are commanded! ". He looked right and left, but he did not see the source of the voice. Then he continued his hunt, but he heard the sound repeated three times. Then he went home and said good-bye to his parents while wearing a sheepdog's sheepskin clothes to a small village, then to Mecca. Furthermore, he lives with his own effort and work of sweat, and becomes a character known for his simplicity and simplicity. Among his famous prayers (O Allah, divert me from immoral humiliation to You to the glory of obedience to You!). (13) (Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyah, Abul Qasim Abdul Karim al-Qusyairi, pp. 63-64).
Abu al-Faidh Dzunnun
al-Mishri (w. 245 H).
His full name is Tsauban bin Ibrahim, another opinion of al-Faidh Ibrahim, his father came from "Naubi", a village in Egypt. He is known as a pious and wara '. One day he was invited by al-Mutawakkil to be consulted. So Dzunnun gave him advice that made the Sultan weep. The famous expression of Sufism: "(a man who ma'rifat to Allah every day increasingly khusyu'nya, because every time he grows closer (to Allah SWT). (14) (Ar-Risalah al-Qusyairiyah, page 65).
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